What type of data retrieval does indexing improve?

Indexing is a database optimization technique that enhances the speed and efficiency of data retrieval operations. When an index is created on a database table, it allows the database management system to find and access the data more quickly without scanning the entire table. This is particularly beneficial for read operations, where the goal is to access data efficiently, such as when executing SELECT queries.

When indexes are utilized, the system can use the index structure (usually a B-tree or hash table) to locate the desired records faster than searching through unsorted data. This significantly reduces the time complexity of retrieving data, enabling faster response times for read-related queries.

On the contrary, while indexing has advantages for read performance, it doesn’t enhance write operations. In fact, it can slightly slow down write operations since the index must also be updated whenever data is inserted, deleted, or modified. Similarly, while indexing might help with data retrieval, it does not directly relate to data compression or affect data storage in a significant way. Overall, indexing is specifically designed to optimize read operations, making this choice the correct one.